Breast ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging test that uses the properties of ultrasound waves, primarily for diagnosing benign breast changes and breast cancer. Breast ultrasound utilizes the properties of ultrasound waves, which penetrate the body and reflect off tissues and organs. The echo of this reflection returns to the device and is transformed into images visible on the screen. These images allow for the assessment of tissue size, shape, and location, as well as the detection of any abnormalities.

Indications for Breast Ultrasound

Women in high-risk groups (e.g., with elevated tumor markers or family history of breast cancer) should undergo a breast ultrasound annually or as recommended by a doctor. Indications for immediate breast ultrasound include:

• breast pain, swelling, or tenderness,
• palpable changes, lumps, or nodules in the breast,
• change in shape or sudden asymmetry of the breasts,
• nipple discharge. It’s important to remember that not every breast change is cancerous – many women have harmless cysts, lipomas, or fibroadenomas that do not indicate cancer.

Contraindications for Breast Ultrasound

There are essentially no major contraindications for breast ultrasound – a doctor may postpone the test if fresh wounds, ulcers, or burns are found on the breast skin. Aside from that, if there are medical indications, the test can be performed as often as necessary, regardless of the patient’s age. Pregnant and breastfeeding women can also safely undergo breast ultrasound.

How to Prepare for Breast Ultrasound?

Breast ultrasound does not require special preparation. It is best to schedule the test between the 4th and 10th day of the menstrual cycle, as this allows for the most accurate visualization of possible changes. It is recommended to bring the results of previous breast ultrasounds and mammograms, if available. You can eat, drink, and take medication as usual before the test.

How is Breast Ultrasound Performed?

Although breast ultrasound may feel slightly uncomfortable, it does not cause significant discomfort for the patient. The patient removes the upper part of her clothing and lies down on the examination table. The doctor applies a special gel to the breast skin to facilitate the penetration of ultrasound waves into the body and then places the probe on the area. By moving it across the breast surface, the doctor evaluates all tissues and anatomical structures, including nearby lymph nodes (supraclavicular, subclavicular, and axillary), assesses their structure, and looks for any abnormalities. The examination takes about 15-20 minutes.