Transvaginal ultrasound—also known as vaginal ultrasound or gynecological ultrasound—is a completely non-invasive and safe imaging test of the female internal reproductive organs. It can be performed both for preventive and diagnostic purposes. The technology used in transvaginal ultrasound does not differ from other ultrasound tests. It uses the properties of ultrasound waves that penetrate the body and reflect off tissues. The echo returns to the probe and is transformed into visible images on the monitor. Transvaginal ultrasound is performed using a special probe inserted into the patient’s vagina, allowing for a very precise visualization of the internal reproductive organs.

What Are the Indications for Transvaginal Ultrasound?

Gynecological vaginal ultrasound is performed in women who experience concerning symptoms, such as:

• menstrual irregularities (very heavy or very light bleeding, long intervals between bleeding),
• abnormal bleeding from the genital tract,
• painful menstruation,
• unexplained lower abdominal pain,
• painful intercourse. Transvaginal ultrasound may be part of preparing a patient for pregnancy, a post-miscarriage examination, or a screening tool for detecting reproductive organ cancers in women.

Contraindications for Transvaginal Ultrasound

There are very few contraindications for performing transvaginal ultrasound. It is generally not performed in women with fresh genital wounds (e.g., immediately after invasive surgeries) or in women who have not yet started sexual activity. In such cases, transabdominal ultrasound is usually performed.

Preparation for Transvaginal Ultrasound

Preparation for transvaginal ultrasound is not complicated. There is no need to fast, and it can be performed at any time of the day. Unlike transabdominal ultrasound, which requires drinking 1.5 liters of water to fill the bladder, this is not necessary for transvaginal ultrasound. It is advisable to maintain hygiene in the intimate area (hair removal is not required) and to wear comfortable, loose clothing for convenience.

How Is Transvaginal Ultrasound Performed?

The examination is performed on a couch or a gynecological chair—the patient is asked to remove the lower part of her clothing and underwear, then lie down with her pelvis raised. The transvaginal ultrasound is performed using a special probe; the doctor covers it with a disposable cover and applies gel to facilitate insertion into the vagina. The examination lasts about 10 minutes and should not be painful. If pain occurs, the patient should inform the doctor during the examination.